User:Ojlaw/Junction Style Guide/Intersections View history

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Doglegs can be added to better represent reality or aid in turn instruction timing where the large area of pavement should consider turns from all directions. When doglegs are added the first geometry handle should be placed a minimum of 12m (40ft) from the intersection node.
Doglegs can be added to better represent reality or aid in turn instruction timing where the large area of pavement should consider turns from all directions. When doglegs are added the first [[geometry node|geometry handle]] should be placed a minimum of 12m (40ft) from the intersection node when measured with the [[Map_Editor_Interface_and_Controls#Ruler|ruler]].
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A deprecated method to control instructions at these intersections involved adding micro-doglegs (geometry handles placed very close to the node) to create geometry that would give the desired turn instruction. These intersections should be updated, micro-doglegs should be removed, and [[Voice_prompt|voice prompt]] overrides should be added if necessary.
A deprecated method to control instructions at these intersections involved adding micro-doglegs (geometry handles placed very close to the node) to create geometry that would give the desired turn instruction. These intersections should be updated, micro-doglegs should be removed, and [[Voice_prompt|voice prompt]] overrides should be added if necessary.


=== Name changes on straight path ===
===Name changes on continuing path===
For conditions where the straight through route changes road names, it is important to identify which segment is drawn as the straight route and which is shown as the right turn from the main road. As the [[How_Waze_determines_turn_/_keep_/_exit_maneuvers|How Waze Determines turn/keep/exit maneuvers]] page explains, segment names and geometry are very important in determining what navigation instructions are given.
For conditions where the through route changes road names, it is important to identify which segment is drawn as the continuing route and which is shown as the deviation from the main road. As the [[How_Waze_determines_turn_/_keep_/_exit_maneuvers|How Waze Determines turn/keep/exit maneuvers]] page explains, segment names and geometry are very important in determining what navigation instructions are given. Map these intersections according to the principles in this article and use voice prompt overrides as necessary for the proper turn instructions.


{{Anchor|Name changes on continuing path}}
{{Collapsible section top}}
{{HighlightBar|'''Name changes on continuing path example'''}}
Just click on the expand link to the right ------>
{{Collapsible section content}}
{{NeedInfo|'''The following section needs work and an example where the roads are mapped correctly and VPOs are used. These images are not correct and it's currently not mapped correctly in WME.'''
[[Image:Jct_Y_ex_aerial.png|200px|right|border]]
[[Image:Jct_Y_ex_aerial.png|200px|right|border]]
In this example to the right, the multi-lane surface street is known as Main Street to the west and Atlantic Ave. to the east. The name change occurs when Main St. branches off as a regular surface street. That is the human description, but a more technical description would be that Main St. travels in a perfectly straight line and Atlantic Ave. branches off of it. But if we map it that way in the editor, we create a major problem.
In this example to the right, the multi-lane surface street is known as Main Street to the west and Atlantic Ave. to the east. The name change occurs when Main St branches off as a local street from the highway. That is the human description, but a more technical description would be that Main St travels in a perfectly straight line and Atlantic Ave branches off of it. But if we map it that way in the editor, we create a major problem.
{{clear}}
{{clear}}


[[Image:Jct_Y_ex_map_bad.png|200px|left|border]]
[[Image:Jct_Y_ex_map_bad.png|200px|left|border]]
Since the multi-lane segment of Main St. and the regular street segment of Main St. have the same name, the routing engine automatically considers that to be "straight". If the two sections line up in a straight line the way they appear from the sky, then we are reinforcing the idea that "straight" is Main St. to Main St. But as a typical driver would want, "straight" should be the path that remains on the multi-lane roadway, regardless of what name it uses.
Since the multi-lane segment of Main St and the regular street segment of Main St have the same name, the routing engine automatically considers that to be the continuation of the highway. If the two sections line up in a straight line the way they appear from the sky, then we are reinforcing the idea that "continuation" is Main St to Main St But as a typical driver would want, "continuation" should be the path that remains on the multi-lane highway, regardless of what name it uses.
{{clear}}
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[[Image:Jct_Y_ex_map.png|200px|right|border]]
[[Image:Jct_Y_ex_map.png|200px|right|border]]
To make sure the routing engine understands the proper treatment of the junction, we have to be deliberate with the segment geometry of all three involved segments.  We end up with something like the image on the right. Now the geometric definition of straight is the multi-lane portion of Main St. onto Atlantic Ave., since we have made that transition as close to zero degrees as possible. The regular street portion of Main St. now branches off at an angle close to 90 degrees. The routing engine should recognize that a turn is required. So the result is that Main St. to Atlantic Ave. has no announced turn, and multi-lane Main St. to surface road Main St. has a turn announced. Exactly what most drivers would expect in the real world.
To make sure the routing engine understands the proper treatment of the junction, we have to be deliberate with the segment geometry of all three involved segments.  We end up with something like the image on the right. Now the geometric definition of straight is the multi-lane portion of Main St. onto Atlantic Ave., since we have made that transition as close to zero degrees as possible. The regular street portion of Main St. now branches off at an angle close to 90 degrees. The routing engine should recognize that a turn is required. So the result is that Main St. to Atlantic Ave. has no announced turn, and multi-lane Main St. to surface road Main St. has a turn announced. Exactly what most drivers would expect in the real world.
}}
{{Collapsible section bottom}}


=== Steep angles with exits and keep right or left ===
=== Steep angles with exits and keep right or left ===
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The diverging path should be configured as follows:
The diverging path should be configured as follows:


*First, place the first [[geometry node|geometry handle]] of the diverging segment at the '''gore point'''.[[File:NaturalDeparture.jpg|thumb|https://waze.com/en-US/editor?env=usa&lat=34.21956&lon=-119.06983&s=1345697239&zoomLevel=19&segments=528502004|250x250px]]
*First, place the first [[geometry node|geometry handle]] of the diverging segment at the gore point (or "theoretical gore", i.e., where the painted lines diverge).
[[File:Steep angles.png|200px|frameless|right]]
*Next, grab the node itself, where the segments meet, and adjust the geometry of the diverging path as follows:
*Next, grab the node itself, where the segments meet, and adjust the geometry of the diverging path as follows:
**If the actual path diverges from the inbound path by less than 20°'''(??)''', adjust the node to create a 20°'''(??)''' departure angle. This will allow for consistent timing of instructions and make it easier to report closures in the Waze client.
**If the actual path diverges from the inbound path by less than 20°, adjust the node to create a 20° departure angle. This will allow for consistent timing of instructions and make it easier to report closures in the Waze client.
**If the actual path of the road diverges immediately from the inbound path by more than 20°, adjust the node such that the eroad path follows its true natural departure angle.
**If the actual path of the road diverges immediately from the inbound path by more than 20°, adjust the node such that the road path follows its true natural departure angle.
*Next, ensure that the last geometry handle before the node is at least 40 feet ahead of the node, and that the second geometry handle on the diverging path is at least 40 feet beyond the first geometry handle.
*Next, ensure that the last geometry handle before the node is at least 40 feet ahead of the node, and that the second geometry handle on the diverging path is at least 40 feet beyond the first geometry handle.
*Finally, check the turn instructions for both paths according to [[Junction_Style_Guide/Controlling_turn_instructions|controlling turn instructions]] and if necessary add [[Voice_prompt|voice prompt]] overrides for the desired instruction.
*Finally, check the turn instructions for both paths according to [[Junction_Style_Guide/Controlling_turn_instructions|controlling turn instructions]] and if necessary add [[Voice_prompt|voice prompt]] overrides for the desired instruction.
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=== Skewed angles ===
=== Skewed angles ===
{| class="Wikitable floatright"
[[File:4way90skewed.png|200px|frameless|right]]
| [[Image:Jct_4_45_ex1.png|border]]
Similar to diverging roads that intersect at skewed angles, crossing roads can do the same thing. These intersections should be mapped to reality. Mapping these to reality can result in turn instructions that would not match what the driver expects. Thus, at these intersections it is important to check the geometry, road types, and names to understand what instructions are given. If the default instruction is not desirable then a [[Voice_prompt|voice prompt]] override should be used.
| [[Image:Jct_4_45.png|border|x200px]]
|}
Similar to diverging roads that intersect at skewed angles, crossing roads can do the same thing. When these intersections are mapped as seen here with these skewed angles, complications can occur.
{{clear}}


{| class="Wikitable floatright"
* Depending on the angle, the client may give a "keep right or keep left" instruction to the driver when a "turn right or turn left" instruction is more appropriate. If Minor Highways or above are involved, you will actually get an "''Exit'' Right" which can be confusing in many situations.
| [[Image:Jct_4_45_curve.png|border|x200px]]
* In some cases, no instruction will be given at all.  
|}
The [[Junction_Style_Guide/Controlling_turn_instructions|controlling turn instructions]] article has more information on the specifics of geometry, road types and names and how they affect turn instructions.  
[[Glossary#Geometry_node|Geometry nodes]] bring the actual junction close to 90 degrees. [[Map_Editor_Interface_and_Controls#Zoom_Control|Zoom]] in to the intersection and add a single geometry node on each side as close to the junction point as possible. This will give the more desirable 90 degree angle, and it will still be virtually invisible to client app users making it look like the physical world. This image is what is seen when zoomed in as close as possible. Zoomed back out, it looks just like the map image showing the junction without any geometry nodes.
{{clear}}
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{| class="Wikitable floatleft"
A deprecated method to control instructions at these intersections involved adding micro-doglegs (geometry handles placed very close to the node) to create geometry that would give the desired turn instruction. These intersections should be updated, micro-doglegs should be removed, and [[Voice_prompt|voice prompt]] overrides should be added if necessary.
| [[Image:Jct_4_45_ex.png|border]]
|}
Here is a real world example at a close zoom level where you can still see the geometry adjustment. With that adjustment in place, the junction will produce predictable turn left and right navigation instructions while the roads still appear to meet at the real-world angle in the client app.
{{clear}}
 
{| class="Wikitable floatleft"
| [[Image:Jct_3_45_ex.png|200px|border]]
|}
 
 
Here is a completed real world example which provides the expected turn instructions and "catches" turns from all directions avoiding automatic problems for [[Map_Problems_in_Waze_Map_Editor#Missing_road|missing road]] when they are "too far apart." https://waze.com/en-US/editor?env=usa&lat=39.47841&lon=-76.19863&s=413947901399&zoomLevel=20
{{clear}}


== {{anchor|Split road intersections}}Divided road intersections==
== {{anchor|Split road intersections}}Divided road intersections==
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Box and partial box intersections are also referred to as # and H intersections in the Waze editor community.  These intersections should be mapped as close to reality as possible. The below style guide addresses some unique circumstances.
Box and partial box intersections are also referred to as # and H intersections in the Waze editor community.  These intersections should be mapped as close to reality as possible. The below style guide addresses some unique circumstances.


When creating three way and four way intersections, if the cross street changes names at the junction, make sure that the median segment(s) have no name. This will cause the segment to inherit the appropriate name depending on the direction of travel.  The median segment will not be included when you choose "Select entire street".
When creating three way and four way intersections, if the cross street changes names at the junction, make sure that the median segment(s) have no name. This will cause the segment to inherit the appropriate name depending on the direction of travel.  The median segment will not be included when you choose "Select entire street". Conversely, leave the median segment(s) named if the street maintains name continuity through the intersection.


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
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{{Anchor|Bowtie}}
{{Anchor|Bowtie}}


[[File:Jct_bowtie.png|301px|thumbnail|right|The bow tie intersection is NOT RECOMMENDED]]The bow tie intersection is no longer the best way to take control of turns and traffic at divided-road intersections. It is an unrealistic representation of an intersection and drivers report map errors based on this appearance. It was necessary before the introduction of the [[junction box]] and the 3-segment U-turn prevention mechanism, but now there are better methods to control turns and properly account for queuing.
[[File:Jct_bowtie.png|301px|thumbnail|right|The bow tie intersection is NOT RECOMMENDED]]The bow tie intersection is no longer the best way to take control of turns and traffic at divided-road intersections. It is an unrealistic representation of an intersection and drivers report map errors based on this appearance. It was necessary for controlling turns and accurately reflecting traffic queuing before the introduction of the [[junction box]], but now there are better methods to control turns and properly account for queuing.


* Where Waze seems to be doing a poor job of keeping track of traffic queuing, a junction box is recommended.
* Where Waze seems to be doing a poor job of keeping track of traffic queuing, a junction box is recommended.
* To prevent U-turns at box or partial box intersections use a junction box
* To prevent U-turns at intersections use a junction box.
* In complicated situations, control u-turns prompts using a junction box.
* Do not add new bow ties to the map.
* Do not add new bow ties to the map.
* When you find a bow tie intersection on the map, check if it can be replaced by a realistically drawn intersection using other techniques to control turns and traffic.
* When you find a bow tie intersection on the map, check if it can be replaced by a realistically drawn intersection using other techniques to control turns and traffic.
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* A bowtie intersection may be necessary at 5-point or greater intersections where a junction box cannot be used because of too many connections
* A bowtie intersection may be necessary at 5-point or greater intersections where a junction box cannot be used because of too many connections


=== Avoiding U-turns in box and partial box intersections ===
=== U-turn prevention in box and partial box intersections ===
{{As of|2021|12|df=US}} the Waze routing algorithm [[Routing penalties#Road_configurations|penalizing]] some double-left and double-right turns '''has been disabled in the United States'''. The routing server will no longer automatically avoid double-left turns. '''To prevent u-turns on divided roads, use a [[Junction box]].'''
{{:Editing Routing penalties/Controlling U-turn penalties/Disabled}}
==== Historic U-turn routing prevention ====
You may encounter intersections that appear pinched with a median segment that is shorter than reality. This was likely mapped prior to December 2021 to prevent u-turns. The intersection should be updated to match reality and a junction box used to prevent u-turns if necessary.
The Waze routing algorithm previously had a method of penalizing some double-left and double-right turns. This used to prevent U-turns at H or # style intersections on divided and parallel roads. [[Routing_penalties/Controlling_U-turn_penalties#Historic_U-turn_routing_prevention|Here]] is information on how this used to work.
  {{clear}}
  {{clear}}
{{ReturnTo | Junction_Style_Guide | the Junction Style Guide}}
{{ReturnTo | Junction_Style_Guide | the Junction Style Guide}}
[[Category:Style guides]]
[[Category:Style guides]]

Latest revision as of 02:39, 2 November 2022

Three-way

Right angles

The simplest junctions often resemble a "T" and are considered diverging or branch roads. The branch road will normally meet the main road at nearly a 90 degree angle. This is the simplest situation to map, as the physical and logical views of the roads match up well.

Skewed angles

Some roads meet at skewed angles. These intersections should be mapped to reality. Mapping these to reality can result in turn instructions that would not match what the driver expects. Thus, at these intersections it is important to check the geometry, road types, and names to understand what instructions are given. If the default instruction is not desirable then a voice prompt override should be used.

  • Depending on the angle, the client may give a "keep right or keep left" instruction to the driver when a "turn right or turn left" instruction is more appropriate. If Minor Highways or above are involved, you will actually get an "Exit Right" which can be confusing in many situations.
  • In some cases, no instruction will be given at all.

The controlling turn instructions article has more information on the specifics of geometry, road types and names and how they affect turn instructions.

Doglegs

Doglegs can be added to better represent reality or aid in turn instruction timing where the large area of pavement should consider turns from all directions. When doglegs are added the first geometry handle should be placed a minimum of 12m (40ft) from the intersection node when measured with the ruler.

A deprecated method to control instructions at these intersections involved adding micro-doglegs (geometry handles placed very close to the node) to create geometry that would give the desired turn instruction. These intersections should be updated, micro-doglegs should be removed, and voice prompt overrides should be added if necessary.

Name changes on continuing path

For conditions where the through route changes road names, it is important to identify which segment is drawn as the continuing route and which is shown as the deviation from the main road. As the How Waze Determines turn/keep/exit maneuvers page explains, segment names and geometry are very important in determining what navigation instructions are given. Map these intersections according to the principles in this article and use voice prompt overrides as necessary for the proper turn instructions.

 Name changes on continuing path example  Just click on the expand link to the right ------>

The following section needs work and an example where the roads are mapped correctly and VPOs are used. These images are not correct and it's currently not mapped correctly in WME.

In this example to the right, the multi-lane surface street is known as Main Street to the west and Atlantic Ave. to the east. The name change occurs when Main St branches off as a local street from the highway. That is the human description, but a more technical description would be that Main St travels in a perfectly straight line and Atlantic Ave branches off of it. But if we map it that way in the editor, we create a major problem.

Since the multi-lane segment of Main St and the regular street segment of Main St have the same name, the routing engine automatically considers that to be the continuation of the highway. If the two sections line up in a straight line the way they appear from the sky, then we are reinforcing the idea that "continuation" is Main St to Main St But as a typical driver would want, "continuation" should be the path that remains on the multi-lane highway, regardless of what name it uses.

To make sure the routing engine understands the proper treatment of the junction, we have to be deliberate with the segment geometry of all three involved segments. We end up with something like the image on the right. Now the geometric definition of straight is the multi-lane portion of Main St. onto Atlantic Ave., since we have made that transition as close to zero degrees as possible. The regular street portion of Main St. now branches off at an angle close to 90 degrees. The routing engine should recognize that a turn is required. So the result is that Main St. to Atlantic Ave. has no announced turn, and multi-lane Main St. to surface road Main St. has a turn announced. Exactly what most drivers would expect in the real world.

Steep angles with exits and keep right or left

The straight ahead path should be more or less straight, with a smooth transition.

The diverging path should be configured as follows:

  • First, place the first geometry handle of the diverging segment at the gore point (or "theoretical gore", i.e., where the painted lines diverge).
  • Next, grab the node itself, where the segments meet, and adjust the geometry of the diverging path as follows:
    • If the actual path diverges from the inbound path by less than 20°, adjust the node to create a 20° departure angle. This will allow for consistent timing of instructions and make it easier to report closures in the Waze client.
    • If the actual path of the road diverges immediately from the inbound path by more than 20°, adjust the node such that the road path follows its true natural departure angle.
  • Next, ensure that the last geometry handle before the node is at least 40 feet ahead of the node, and that the second geometry handle on the diverging path is at least 40 feet beyond the first geometry handle.
  • Finally, check the turn instructions for both paths according to controlling turn instructions and if necessary add voice prompt overrides for the desired instruction.

Four-way

Right angles

The second simplest junction category is a "+" or "cross" four-way junction that intersects at 90 degrees. These roads are simple to map as the logical and physical views of the roads match up well.

Skewed angles

Similar to diverging roads that intersect at skewed angles, crossing roads can do the same thing. These intersections should be mapped to reality. Mapping these to reality can result in turn instructions that would not match what the driver expects. Thus, at these intersections it is important to check the geometry, road types, and names to understand what instructions are given. If the default instruction is not desirable then a voice prompt override should be used.

  • Depending on the angle, the client may give a "keep right or keep left" instruction to the driver when a "turn right or turn left" instruction is more appropriate. If Minor Highways or above are involved, you will actually get an "Exit Right" which can be confusing in many situations.
  • In some cases, no instruction will be given at all.

The controlling turn instructions article has more information on the specifics of geometry, road types and names and how they affect turn instructions.

A deprecated method to control instructions at these intersections involved adding micro-doglegs (geometry handles placed very close to the node) to create geometry that would give the desired turn instruction. These intersections should be updated, micro-doglegs should be removed, and voice prompt overrides should be added if necessary.

Divided road intersections

Many of the principles stated above apply to intersections between divided roads. Usually, divided road intersections should look like the traffic lanes they represent. "Box" shaped intersections are easiest to draw, maintain, and to explain to other editors. Only use variations when they are needed.

Box and partial box intersections

Box and partial box intersections are also referred to as # and H intersections in the Waze editor community. These intersections should be mapped as close to reality as possible. The below style guide addresses some unique circumstances.

When creating three way and four way intersections, if the cross street changes names at the junction, make sure that the median segment(s) have no name. This will cause the segment to inherit the appropriate name depending on the direction of travel. The median segment will not be included when you choose "Select entire street". Conversely, leave the median segment(s) named if the street maintains name continuity through the intersection.

Intersection style Example
A divided road intersecting a divided road. https://waze.com/en-US/editor?env=usa&lat=34.20627&lon=-119.14201&s=1343600087&zoomLevel=19
A divided road intersecting a 2-way road. https://waze.com/en-US/editor?env=usa&lat=34.20620&lon=-119.15132&s=1343600087&zoomLevel=20
A transitioning (divided-2-way) road intersecting a 2-way road. https://waze.com/en-US/editor?env=usa&lat=34.25435&lon=-119.19747&s=1343600087&zoomLevel=18
A transitioning (divided-2-way) road intersecting a divided road.
A transitioning (divided-2-way) road intersecting a transitioning (divided-2-way)
A divided road T at a 2-way road.
A divided road T at a divided road.
A divided road T at a 2-way road transitioning to a divided road.
A 2-way road T at a 2-way road transitioning to a divided road.
Be careful with your geometry – following the center of the actual road too closely can lead to rather high turn angles, and therefore possibly unwanted turn instructions. Keep it smooth. Departure angles on the transitioning segments should be less than 15°.

Bow tie

The bow tie intersection is NOT RECOMMENDED

The bow tie intersection is no longer the best way to take control of turns and traffic at divided-road intersections. It is an unrealistic representation of an intersection and drivers report map errors based on this appearance. It was necessary for controlling turns and accurately reflecting traffic queuing before the introduction of the junction box, but now there are better methods to control turns and properly account for queuing.

  • Where Waze seems to be doing a poor job of keeping track of traffic queuing, a junction box is recommended.
  • To prevent U-turns at intersections use a junction box.
  • Do not add new bow ties to the map.
  • When you find a bow tie intersection on the map, check if it can be replaced by a realistically drawn intersection using other techniques to control turns and traffic.
  • If you think it is necessary to add a bow tie to the map, contact state managers to discuss the intersection. They will most likely recommend a better approach.
  • A bowtie intersection may be necessary at 5-point or greater intersections where a junction box cannot be used because of too many connections

U-turn prevention in box and partial box intersections

 As of December 2021, the Waze routing algorithm penalizing some double-left and double-right turns has been disabled in the United States. The routing server will no longer automatically avoid double-left turns. To prevent u-turns on divided roads, use a Junction box.

You may encounter intersections that appear pinched with a median segment that is shorter than reality. This was likely mapped prior to December 2021 to prevent u-turns. The intersection should be updated to match reality and a junction box used to prevent u-turns if necessary.

Retrieved from "https://beta.waze.com/wiki/USA/index.php?title=User:Ojlaw/Junction_Style_Guide/Intersections&oldid=177548"